Winesburg

The word grotesque is an oxymoron in itself. It means beautiful ugly. How a person can have both of these adjectives is the theme of Winesburg, Ohio written by Sherwood Anderson. His characters become grotesque by holding onto one truth that make them distorted but unknowingly make them beautiful simultaneously. Anderson uses the motif of isolation on Seth Richmond, the Stranger and Tandy to develop their grotesqueness by making the characters' isolation be the reason why they hold onto one truth causing their grotesqueness.On the other hand, the author ses biblical allusion to help clarify the truth Jesse Bentley lives by that causes his grotesqueness. Anderson uses the motif of isolation in order to enhance the grotesqueness of Seth Richmond, as the character's self-imposed isolation causes his grotesqueness. Seth Richmond grows up with his mother, Virginia Richmond who does not know how to discipline him and a deceased father. Seth only stares at his mother apathetically when she scolds him that causes his mother to withdraw from her displeasure.Seth also only shows indifference in things other boys engage in and finds him different rom others, since he does not feel the same emotions people would usually feel. Hence, he holds onto the truth that he does not belong in the town and â€Å"he [wishes] that he himself [be] stirred by something† (133). Seth's self-imposed isolation is what causes his grotesqueness. He thinks Just because he doesn't have the same interest as the others and is not â€Å"stirred by something† makes him an outcast and unlike. When in fact, the people of Winesburg admire him because he comes off as a passionate and mature man.Nevertheless, Seth does not acknowledge the people's houghts because he lives by his truth that he does not fit in Winesburg because he is indifferent about things the people our engaged in. For this reason, he is distorted and grotesque for believing one truth and not accepting the others' truths. Later, Seth fancies a girl named Helen but with him imposing that he does not belong in the town and wants to leave, he soon drives away Helen and begins to think that the reason of her departure is because of his truth that he is an outcast.When in reality, Helen departs to avoid further sentiment because Seth tells her that it was their last ime they'll see each other. Nonetheless, He continues to say, â€Å"when it comes to loving someone, it wont never be [him]. It'll be†¦ someone who talks a lot – someone like that George Willard† (142). Seth continues to hold onto his truth and imposes that he needs be isolated further more from the town and needs to leave Winesburg. This eventually drives Helen away, but Seth believes it is because of his social skills.Hence, he becomes Jealous of George Willard and wants to be like him because he thinks that if he were George, Helen would not have left him. However, George Willard is not that social either, Seth assumes he is a social butterfly because he is a reporter but as a matter of fact he only listens well. Seth is grotesque because he believes in a truth that is not absolute. He believes that Helen left him because he is not as social as George Willard, when it is not the case. He is grotesque tor believing a truth about George Willard that is not true.The author also uses the motif of isolation to develop the grotesqueness of the Stranger and Tandy, as the characters' isolation causes them to hold onto one truth aking them grotesque. Tandy Hard lives only with her father, Tom Hard because her mother is dead. Tom Hard spends most of his time being an atheist, wrecking the ideas and belief that God exists causing his daughter to be neglected. Not having anyone to nurture her and guide her, she becomes lost and continues to live without an identity, as implied by the author when he does not mention her real name until she the stranger names her Tandy.The stranger comes to Winesburg, Ohio in ord er to cure his alcohol addiction and addiction to an image of a lover. He claims that his over is named Tandy who has â€Å"the quality of being strong to be loved,† and the only reason he is not with her is because â€Å"she did not come in [his] time† (145). As a result of the stranger being lone and isolated for not having a lover, he holds onto the truth that his lover is named Tandy and she was not born in his time for the stranger does not find her yet.His reasoning makes him distorted because he continues to believe the truth that there is a Tandy that was not born at his time and not acknowledge the truth that there might not be any Tandy at all. In addition, his isolation also makes im grotesque because it makes him live by the truth that his lover is someone like Tandy and does not acknowledge the truth that there are other women out there that can be his potential lovers without necessarily having the same quality as Tandy.Nonetheless, the stranger imposes o n the daughter that she should be Tandy and she should be strong and brave in order to beloved. Consequently, the daughter not having an identity starts to incline on the idea of Tandy. When her father calls her, she retaliates and says, â€Å"[she] want[s] to be called Tandy – Tandy Hard† (146). After he daughter's statement demanding she wants to be called Tandy, it is implied that she will continue to live as Tandy. For that reason, the daughter is grotesque for not accepting that she can have her own truth to live by and not Just the truth of the stranger.However, the only reason she holds onto the stranger's truth is because she does not acquire her own identity from the isolation and lack of nurture she gets from her father. Therefore, her isolation because of the lack of guidance from her father causes her to live by another person's truth distorting her and making her rotesque. Anderson uses biblical allusion to help clear up the truth Jesse Bentley lives by cr eating his grotesqueness. Jesse Bentley inherits a colossal amount of land from his dead father and brothers.Before inheriting the land Jesse Bentley studied to be a minister, so returning home he is filled with religious thoughts. Hence, he begins to think that his farm is an empire of God and thinks that his lands need to be protected from â€Å"the hands of the Philistines† (73). As a man who studied to be a minister, it is understandable to return with the words of God. However, Jesse Bentley ssociating his life to the Bible and calling his neighbors Philistines is Just absurd and twisted.He lives by the truth that his life is parallel with Jesse's life from the Bible, and even goes to the extent of calling his neighbors Philistines implying that they are enemies. For this reason, Jesse Bentley is grotesque because he lives by the truth that his neighbors are Philistines like in the Bible, causing his distortion and grotesqueness because his truth is not really true. As I said before, Jesse Bentley commences to equate his life to the Jesse of the Old Testament. The Jesse from the Old Testament is known as Christ's key ancestor.As a result, Bentley prays to God that his wife conceives a son that can be named David in order for the lineage to start. However, his wife conceives a girl, Louise that gives birth to a son named David. Jesse Bentley then starts to get obsessive about contacting God through his grandson David. He thinks that through David they â€Å"will see the beauty and glory of God† (100), so he brings a sheep to sacrifice and uses David as a host in the forest. Jesse Bentley holds onto the truth that he can be a significant person like the Jesse from the Old Testament through his grandson.He strongly believes that his life is parallel to the life of the Bible's Jesse when it is not the case. In addition, the fact that he still tries to equate his life into the bible when there's a generation gap and the story that he is reenactin g is Abraham and Isaac and not Jesse and David shows that he is so desperate to communicate with God and feel significant that it makes him distorted and grotesque. Furthermore, because Jesse Bentley is blinded by his want to be significant and the truth that he can communicate with God, he does not accept the ruth that God may not exist making him grotesque.In conclusion, the characters' isolation leads them to live by one truth that enhances their grotesqueness. Additionally, the author uses biblical allusion to explain and clarify the truths the characters' hold onto that makes them grotesque. In some way, the characters' or in general people's grotesqueness can be seen as beautiful. People's faith in a certain truth can be considered beautiful and no matter how distorted it makes them seem, it's the fact that people stand on their ground and fght for what they believe in, makes them admirable.

Bridgeton Industries Case

The dynamics of the automobile industry have been very volatile in the last few decades, and the case depicts how the changing environment has affected the Bridgestone Industries. The Bridgestone Industries is a supplier of components and parts for the three main automobile manufacturing companies in the United States. The increase in the fuel prices as well as the technological evolution and the ease of availability of cheaper, cost efficient imported European and Japanese automobiles have taken a significant section of the demand from the US based manufacturers.As a result there is less demand for products and components from the Bridgestone Industries who are facing low volume of sales and therefore low profitability. In addition to this the increasing costs and overheads in the company are aggravating the cost position of the Bridgestone Industries by decreasing the profit margins per sale. The paper provides an analysis of the cost position of the Bridgestone Industries and the overheads associated with the production lines being manufactured by Bridgestone Industries at the ACF.The overhead burden rate for the company is determined to be 437% in 1988, 434% in 1989, 577% in 1989 and 562% in 1990. A budget is also drafted for the year 1991 which considers outsourcing the manifold production line. The budget has depicted that through the outsourcing of the manifold production line significant cost savings in the expenses for direct labor, direct material and the overheads can be achieved which can result in the lowered overhead burden rate of 307% only.As a result it is proposed that the Bridgestone Industries should seek to outsource the manifold production line as it can be highly advantageous for the cost position of the company. Bridgeton Industries Case Overview of Bridgeton Industries The Harvard Business review case depicts the problems that were faced by the Bridgeton Industries due to technological evolution, changes in the internal and external env ironments of the businesses and the changing consumer preferences for automobiles. The company Bridgeton Industries is a major supplier of the complements of the parts and components for the United States automotive industry.The automotive component and fabrication plant in question in this case was originally founded in 1840 but was acquired by the Bridgeton Industries in the early 1900s. Since then the plant was used to manufacture complements for the main automotive manufacturers in the region. However increasing costs of manufacturing the components and increasing overhead costs caused the plant to shut down. The products that were mainly manufactured by the Bridgeton Industries pertained to components of automobiles that were required by the main manufacturers of automobiles in the industry.The main product lines that were manufactured at the automotive component and fabrication plant by the Bridgeton Industries for its customers included fuel tanks for automobiles, stainless s teel exhaust manifolds, the front and rear doors of the automobiles, the muffler exhaust systems for the cars as well as the steel oil pans that are incorporated in manufacturing an automobile. These products were custom made according to the requirements of the customers in the United States market for automobile manufactures only.The target market of the Bridgeton Industries included the three main bid automobile manufactures that operated in the United States. These automobile manufacturers had a large percentage of the market share of the US automobile market and therefore consumed almost the entire production generated by the automotive component and fabrication plant by Bridgeton Industries. The nature of the business at the Bridgeton Industries was such that a business to business customer/ client model was adopted by the company as the customers of the products manufactured by the Bridgeton Industries were not the end users of the products.The case presents that the Bridgeto n Industries was a highly successful manufacture of components and the automotive component and fabrication plant churned out components and products under the product lines of fuel tanks, exhaust manifolds, doors, mufflers and exhausts as well as oil plans that were entirely purchased by the three big manufactures of the automobiles in the country. However with the advent of the Japanese car manufactures in the United States, the company was forced to operate at reduced costs in order to be effici9nt and appeal to the changing markets.Despite the changes that were made to control the costs and stream line operations in the plant, the automotive component and fabrication plant was shut down as it was reporting incrementally increasing overhead levels that could not be contained regardless of the effort put into managing the overheads. This case analysis how the company fared and what initiatives could have been taken to better manage the overheads to reduce costs and make the automo tive component and fabrication plant more cost effective. Cost Position EvolutionThe cost position of the company has developed over the time of its operations due to the internal as well as the external factors that include the demand for automobiles and how much the customers are willing to pay for them in the market. The changing requirements of the customers for cheaper and more affordable cars that provided high mileage increased in the 1970s in the US automobile industry and this impacted the cost bearing capability of the automobile manufacturers. These manufacturers in turn started purchasing the components at cheaper costs.This meant that companies like the Bridgeton Industries that were in the business of making components and parts for the big three manufacturers in the United States in the 1970s and 1980s were faced with the challenge of reducing their cost of production and operations in order to be more affective. The strategy was adopted by the Bridgeton Industries to reduce the value and the volume of the overheads that existed for the manufacture of the product lines of fuel tanks, exhaust manifolds, doors, mufflers and exhausts as well as oil plans in order to reduce the costs associated with operations.This strategy was focused on reducing the cost in order to increase the margin on the sales made to the big three automobile manufacturers in the market for increased profitability to sustain operations of the Bridgeton Industries The Bridgeton Industries underwent significant changes and evolution in its cost positions. The company first wrote off the physical machinery, the equipment and the buildings from the automotive component and fabrication plant’s financial books to reduce the costs associated with the depreciation expenses for these items.Then the company employed the costing strategy for its product lines that was based on the three elements of materials, direct labor, and overheads. The research undertaken to determine the h igh levels of costs at the Bridgeton Industries and the factors contributing to these costs provided that the overhead burden was one of the main factors that was forcing the automotive component and fabrication plant to be least cost effective when it came to generating profit. The results provided that the overhead burden existed on a ratio of 435 percent of the direct labor cost (Patricia & Cooper, 1993).This was a significant percentage of the total costs being attributed as an expense for overheads which was forcing Bridgestone Industries into a negative cost position with its customers. The cost position evolution saw that the Bridgestone Industries were gradually facing increasing costs in the form of incremental overhead expenses, increasing spend on the manufacture and processing of the product lines as well as the costs associated with the management and the operation of the automotive component and fabrication plant.This decreased the appeal of the products being produced at high costs for the customers of the Bridgestone Industries which forced the Bridgestone Industries to reduce shut down the automotive component and fabrication plant as it was continuously depicting increasing costs that reduced the profit margins for the Bridgestone Industries on the products that its sold to the big three automobile manufactures in the Unites States automobile industry.Internal and External Factors Effecting the Cost Position The increased imports of the European as well as the Japanese make of automobiles in the United States significantly impacted the demand of the automobiles manufactured by the US manufacturers. â€Å"Imports of sub-compact cars from Europe and Japan rose steadily in the 1950s, often as families’ second cars but US manufacturers retained their hold on the lucrative markets for larger vehicles.† (French, 1997, p142) The US manufactures saw their market shrink as the more aware and price conscious consumers shifted to the Europ ean and Japanese counter parts for their automobiles, while the US manufacturers were left with making large, excessive fuel consuming vehicles that denoted social status and personal style.Aside from this the increasing prices of crude oil in the international market in the 1970s also significantly changed the demand of the automobiles as depicted by the consumers. â€Å"A crisis in the US car-market developed as a result of sudden unforeseen shifts in the general environment which allowed overseas producers to expand market share rapidly. New car sales faltered in the 1970s and excess capacity increased.At the same time the leap in fuel prices shifted the consumer preference towards smaller, more fuel efficient cars which Japanese and European makers already supplied in their domestic markets and were better able to produce that were the US manufacturers used to making larger, more up-market ‘gas-guzzlers’† (French, 1997, p142) The automobiles of French and Jap anese make were smaller, more fuel efficient as well as more stylish yet cheaper than the those manufactured by the big three US automobile manufactures.As a result the consumers opted for purchasing the imported cars instead of those manufactured by the Unites States manufacturers. The recession of the 1970s also further reduced the disposal income and the propensity to save for the people in the United States which made purchasing the imported European and Japanese models of automobiles much more attractive to the consumers instead of opting for those models manufactured by the big three US automobile manufacturers.In the same period the perception of the consumers also significantly changed as was marked by the baby boomer generation and the hippy era. In this period, the consumer became more aware of the environment, the increasing pollution and the contribution that automobiles made towards adding to the pollution levels. As a result the consumers started to look for cheaper al ternatives of travel and those which were more environmental friendly that the vehicles manufactured by the big three US automobile manufacturers.The internal factors that contributed to the changing cost position of the Bridgestone Industries, specifically at the plant pertained to the decreasing demand of the US manufactured cars and increased demand for cheaper cars that was reflected un the restricting cost based purchases being made by the big three manufactures form the Bridgestone Industries.As the volume of sales decreased for Bridgestone Industries, along with the margin for profits on sales made due to the rising overhead costs the cost position of the Bridgestone Industries significantly changed to become negative and resulted in the closing of the automotive component and fabrication facility by the Bridgestone Industries. Overhead Burden Rate The Bridgestone Industries had a specific method for determining the overhead burden rate for the products that was proposed and set on an annual basis.â€Å"The budgeted unit costs provided by the plant for the 1987 model year study included overhead (burden) applied to products as a percentage of direct labor dollar cost. The overhead percentage was calculated at the budget time and used throughout the model year to allocate overhead to products using a single overhead pool. The overhead rate used in the study was 435% of direct labor cost† (Patricia & Cooper, 1993)

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Recognition Act

In determining who the Act is for, the definition of ATSI people must be considered. As this Act does not provide a definition, a review of prior Australian legislative and common law definitions is therefore required. The definition of ATSI people has a long and contentious history in Australia. Even today, two very different definitions are concurrently in use. One, commonly found in Australian legislation, defines Aboriginals as a person who is a member of the Aboriginal race of Australia. The second definition, a three-part test proposed in the early 1980’s by the Commonwealth Department of Aboriginal Affairs, identifies ATSI peoples as being ‘of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent who identify as an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islanders and are accepted as such by the community in which they live. ’ The first definition becomes problematic as it fails to establish the sort of evidence required to satisfy it. Advances in the field of human genetics have concluded that there is no meaningful genetic or biological basis for the concept of ‘race’. The second definition presents its own problems, which arise when the Aboriginality of the community doing the accepting is thrown into question. Subsequent case law has further developed the definition of ATSI people, for example in Gibbs v Capewell (1995), Justice Drummond stated that ‘the less the degree of Aboriginal descent, the more important cultural circumstances become in determining whether a person is Aboriginal’. In Eatock v Bolt [2011], Bromberg J considered the extent to which each criteria in the three-part test needed to be deployed, stating that: â€Å"For some legislative purposes and in the understanding of some people, compliance with one or two of the attributes of the three-part test may be regarded as sufficient. † The currently favoured three-part definition may be considered an advancement over earlier colonial definitions of ATSI people, which comprised of derogatory terms such as â€Å"nobel savage† or â€Å"prehistoric beast†. The fact remains however within in Australia, only ATSI people are required to prove their identity. Furthermore, it is Australia’s legislature, comprising of mainly non-ATSI representatives, who are tasked with defining ATSI people, rather than ATSI peoples themselves. Who will benefit The question as to who this Act will benefit requires an examination of what the Act aims to achieve prior to the conclusion of its two year ‘sunset provision’, as well as the longer term aims to which the Act is directed. Parliament has acknowledged that the Act is only an interim step towards recognition of ATSI peoples in the Constitution, and that the Act is not intended to be a substitute for constitutional recognition itself. The Act provides for the recognition of ATSI people as Australia’s first occupants, acknowledges their continuing relationship with their traditional land and waters, and acknowledges ATSI people’s culture, language and heritage. The Act does not create any material or economic benefits for ATSI people. Rather, it aims at building political support for Constitutional reform. As the Australian Founding Fathers paid no attention at all to the position of the Australian aboriginal race, the Act may be of some benefit to the emotional wellbeing of ATSI people as it formally acknowledges their cultural heritage. However, due to the section 5 of the Act, which causes these to cease two years after its commencement, any such benefit will be temporary. Furthermore, as Parliament must hold a successful referendum to effect any Constitutional change, there remains a possibility that Parliament could fail to generate enough support for the amendments it proposes. In that case the Act would have been little, if any, lasting benefit. As Parliament is yet to propose any amendments to the Constitution, it remains unclear who will benefit in the longer term. PART B: Provisions to Bind Future Parliaments The Act provides a process for progressing constitutional recognition of ATSI people into the future. Section 4 (1) of the Act provides that the relevant minister must conduct a review of support for a referendum to recognize ATSI people in the Constitution within 12 months of the commencement of the Act. As the Act commenced in February 2012, and a Federal election is due for the same year, it is likely that this provision will take effect after the election. The question of whether this provision is binding on future Parliaments requires an examination of whether the Parliament has the power do so, and if it does, under what circumstances. Parliamentary Sovereignty Parliamentary sovereignty represents one of the twin pillars of British constitutional law, along with the rule of law, identified by the influential nineteenth century jurist, Alfred Venn Dicey (1835-1922). Dicey defined Parliamentary Sovereignty as essentially being â€Å"the power of lawmaking unrestricted by any legal limit† which gives Parliament â€Å"the right to make or unmake any law; whatever†. However, unlike the United Kingdom, the Australian Parliament is constrained by the Commonwealth Constitution and is therefore not absolutely sovereign In theory, there is a necessary limit to sovereignty. If Parliament were absolutely sovereign to pass any law whatsoever, it could pass laws limiting the power of its successors, and parliamentary sovereignty would be short-lived. In Australia, the general rule is that Parliament is not bound by a previous Parliament. This was supported by the majority in Kartinyeri, who concluded, as Brennan CJ and McHugh J put it, that â€Å"the power to make laws includes the power to unmake them†. Each new Parliament is therefore free to create new laws afresh. The notion that Parliament is not bound by prior legislation is further supported by the doctrines of express repeal and implied repeal. The doctrine of express repeal works on the proposition that a later act of Parliament can be enacted which expressly and clearly repeals an earlier act in its totality. The doctrine of implied repeal states that certain sections of an earlier act maybe accidently or impliedly repealed where the provisions of an earlier act are inconsistent with a later act. The Act in question is not binding of successor Parliaments, and may therefore be amended or repealed as Parliament sees fit. Manner and Form Provisions Australian Parliaments have on occasions sought to affect the power of their successors by imposing special requirements for the passing of some laws. These requirements, known as ‘manner and form’ provisions, are restrictive procedures. They restrict the legislative powers of the Parliament by requiring that laws on certain topics may only be enacted by a special and more difficult procedure. Probably the most common manner and form provision is the referendum requirement whereby, before royal assent is given to the bill, it must be approved by a majority of the electorate. Such a provision reconstitutes Parliament by adding an additional chamber, the electorate. This would provide a difficult hurdle for any future Parliament as only 8 of 44 referendums have been successful in Australia’s history. Although Parliament has not drafted this Act in a way which restricts its amendment or repeal, Parliament could do so by inserting manner and form provisions for this purpose. PART C: The Expert Panel Prior to drafting the Bill, the Federal Labor Government established an Expert Panel on constitutional recognition for ATSI people. Throughout 2011, the Panel engaged with thousands of Australians through submissions, consultations and meetings, to hear the views of a wide cross-section of the Australian community. In January 2012, the Panel published its report where it provided recommendations on the possible forms of constitutional recognition, along with constitutional amendments relating to racial non-discrimination. Constitutional background to this legislation The Australian ‘founding fathers’ paid no attention at all to the position of the ATSI peoples. The Constitution as originally framed in 1901 provided for the exclusion and the discriminatory treatment of the ‘aboriginal race’. There were only two references to ATSI people in the body of the original Australian Constitution: (a) Federal Parliament was denied power to make laws with respect to people of â€Å"the aboriginal race in any State†; and (b) Section 127 provided: â€Å"In reckoning the numbers of the people of the Commonwealth, or of a State or other part of the Commonwealth, aboriginal natives shall not be counted. † The 1967 referendum, which did away with the discriminatory references in s 127 and amended s 51 (xxvi) to allow Parliament to make laws for ATSI people, was intended to be in the best interests of the Aboriginal people. However, in the case of Kartinyeri v Commonwealth (1998), which was the legal climax of a long political controversy, the majority of justices said that ‘for’ does not require the Parliament to legislate beneficially. The outcome meant that the Australian Parliament were empowered to enact laws that would not only benefit ATSI people, but also discriminate against them. And so, while the 1967 referendum made well-intentioned symbolic changes, the overall legal effect was that the discriminatory attitudes of the Constitution’s founders were retained. One of the principles agreed to by the Panel for its assessment of proposals for constitutional was that a proposal must be of benefit to and accord with the wishes of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. It could therefore be argued that an Expert Panel, comprised not only of lawyers but prominent ATSI community members, carefully scrutinising the legal ramifications of any proposed constitutional amendments, will make it less likely that constitutional recognition would have unintended outcomes for ATSI people (as in Kartinyeri). Furthermore, Megan Davis, a member of the expert panel, stated that constitutional recognition – whether amendment of a race power or a non-discrimination clause – does not foreclose on the question of sovereignty. The above findings by the Panel, along with its widespread consultation with ASTI people, will undoubtedly play a significant role in addressing the concerns the Australia people may have in relation to the proposed referendum. [ 1 ]. Dr John Gardiner-Garden, Defining Aboriginality in Australia (3 February 2003) Social Policy Group . [ 2 ]. Ibid. [ 3 ]. See, eg, Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act 1986 (Cth). [ 4 ]. Department of Aboriginal Affairs, Report on a Review of the Administration of the Working Definition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (1981), Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, cited in J Gardiner-Garden, The Definition of Aboriginality: Research Note 18, 2000–01 (2000) Parliament of Australia, 2. [ 5 ]. See above n 1. [ 6 ]. J Graves, The Emperor’s New Clothes: Biological Theories of Race at the Millennium (2001) Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick. [ 7 ]. See above n 1. [ 8 ]. 54 FCR 503. [ 9 ]. FCA 1103 (28 September 2011). 10 ]. Michael Dodson ‘The End in the Beginning: Re(de)finding Aboriginality’ (Speech delivered at the Wentworth Lecture, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, 1994). [ 11 ]. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Recognition Act 2013 (Cth) s 5. [ 12 ]. Explanatory Memorandum, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Recognition Bill 2012 (Cth). [ 13 ]. Above n 11, s 3. [ 14 ]. Geoffrey Sawer, ‘The Australian Constitution and the Australian Aborigine’ (1966) 2 Federal Law Review 17. [ 15 ]. Australia Constitution s 128. [ 16 ]. Ibid. [ 17 ]. Above n 12. [ 18 ]. Sarah Joseph and Melissa Castan, Federal Constitutional Law: A Contemporary View (Thomson Reuters, 3rd ed, 2010) 3. [ 19 ]. A V Dicey, The Introduction to The Study of the Constitution (Macmillan and Co, first published 1885, 1889 ed). [ 20 ]. Ibid. [ 21 ]. Above n 21. [ 22 ]. A Reilly, G Appleby, L Grenfell and W Lacey, Australian Public Law (Oxford University Press, 2011). [ 23 ]. Ibid. [ 24 ]. 152 ALR at [13]. [ 25 ]. See, eg, Vauxhall Estates, Ltd. v. Liverpool Corporation [1932] 1 KB 733. See also Ellen Street Estates Ltd. v. Minister of Health [1934] 1 KB 590 at 597. [ 26 ]. Ibid. [ 27 ]. Above n 24. [ 28 ]. Tony Blackshield and George Williams, Australian Constitutional Law and Theory: Commentary and Materials (The Federation Press, 5th ed, 2010) 440. [ 29 ]. Ibid. [ 30 ]. Gerard Carney, ‘An Overview of Manner and Form in Australia’ (1989) 5 QUT Law Review 1. [ 31 ]. Ibid. [ 32 ]. Above n 32, 1340. [ 33 ]. Expert Panel on Constitutional Recognition of Indigenous Australians, Canberra, Recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution: Report of the Expert Panel (2012) . [ 34 ]. Geoffrey Sawer, ‘The Australian Constitution and the Australian Aborigine’ (1966) 2 Federal Law Review 17. 35 ]. Asmi Wood, ‘Constitutional Reform 2013: What are we trying to achieve? ’ (2012) 37 (3) Alternative Law Journal 156-160. [ 36 ]. Law Council of Australia, Constitutional Recognition of Indigenous Australians, Discussion Paper (2011) 19. [ 37 ]. Australian Constitution s 51 (xxvi). [ 38 ]. Above n 18, 484. [ 39 ]. 195 CLR 337. [ 40 ]. Pet er Hanks Deborah Cass, Australian Constitution Law: Materials and Commentary (Butterworths, 6th ed, 1999). [ 41 ]. Commonwealth v Tasmania (1983) 158 CLR 1, 110 (Gibbs CJ). [ 42 ]. Above n 35, 158. [ 43 ]. Above n 33.

Cole Haan Advertisment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cole Haan Advertisment - Essay Example This guy is a self-made man who just stumbled upon it having never planned a single day in his life. Two days ago, he was having drinks with a friend at a location within walking distance of his home. This friend of his brought one of his friends along, and that friend took something from Alec. Maybe it was wisdom, or maybe it was a sense of freedom and success like they had never felt before. Cole Haan is a well-known global lifestyle brand that defines American style, beauty, and luxury (Cole Haan). Cole Haan shoes are designed for comfort with a stylish look that can be worn by all types of men and women. The first thing that can be noticed when looking at this Cole Haan ad is that one picture is spread throughout the room. Many of these copies are attached to the wall, except not well enough to consider it some form of wallpaper. One may think that this person is either crazy or just being creative; maybe the pictures are of his beautiful looking wife and he is preparing somethin g special for her. This welcomes and tickles the curiosity of the audience by allowing the viewers to use their imagination and welcome new ideas into their world. It invites the viewer to think of simple romance and how great that very thought is. This thought allows the audience to reflect on their own relationships, or ones from the past there were special in their own right. This ad doesn’t show an anniversary of some sort; it just seems to be a man reflecting on the great things that he currently has and about living in the moment. This Cole Haan ad came from GQ magazine, which is a magazine that is designed to encourage quality living for men who want to better themselves. There are hundreds of ads in each magazine, and every single one of them is designed to catch the viewer’s attention. That being the case, Cole Haan attempts to catch the viewer’s attention by setting the outer color of the ad in white. In advertising, according to color-wheel-pro.com, w hite is associated with coolness and cleanliness because it represents snow (Color Wheel Pro). White brings the audience to a stop and makes everyone realize that there’s more than just snow here; it comes off as a picture within a picture, and soon you come to the realization that all the pictures are pictures within the actual pictures themselves. This gives the viewer a sense of curiosity about the image. The first thing that I noticed when further analyzing the ad is the incredibly ugly couch that this good-looking, successful man is laying on. This image welcomes the viewer to give themselves more freedom in their lives; it allows them to be more comfortable with something that is not usually thought of as aesthetically pleasing. It allows the viewer to reexamine their lifestyle and priorities. The shoes that the ad is selling seem to be a fraction of the cost that an average sophisticated couch would cost. It gives the viewer permission to be free and not worry about th e daily stress that life predictably brings. Having this man lie in a semi-organized room without a care in the world allows the viewer to relax and examine the man in the picture. This ad is aimed at all types of men, from the young man currently enrolled in college who is looking to join the workforce in a few years, to the recently married thirty-year old who will have his second kid in the next few

Museology of Natural History. Historic Museums And Climate Change Essay

Museology of Natural History. Historic Museums And Climate Change - Essay Example This pressing nature of the problem has necessitated the active participation of merely all sectors and institutions of the world towards alleviating the accompanying effects. Environmental organizations in the past have taken a leading role in informing the public, inspiring them as well as equipping them in manners appropriate to participate effectively in the challenge of controlling the climate change. This is because most of the recent findings point to human beings as being the main cause to the climatic change because of activities that lead to build up of green houses gases within the atmosphere. Burning of fossil fuels as well as deforestation has been majorly blamed on increasing the green house gases, which lead to global warming and in effect lead to the adverse effects that are seen from climate change and alteration of climate systems globally. However, lack of information by many people lead to the low participation towards curtailing the effects of climate change. Nev ertheless, the active participation of all human beings towards the problem necessitates that they are equally involved in finding the solution to the problem. Public awareness of the effects of personal activities towards rising levels of concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere as well as other environmentally unfriendly activities would play a great role in the efforts to contain climate change across the globe. This is the active role that most of the museums (not all) are currently engaged in with efforts towards alleviating the effects of climate change. Discussion Despite the active participation and the evident efforts by many world governments to educate the citizens concerning the problem, much is still to be done. This has therefore necessitated the active participation of nongovernmental organizations, scientific agencies and other institutions towards the common goal of environmental conservation with a motive of alleviating the effects of climate change. In particular, such active participation has been seen in the recent past from the historical museums across the globe. Most of the museums are taking active role in educating the public on such emerging issues in a timely way. There is growing evidence of scientific museums actively participating in empowering the public alongside other agencies such as environmental organizations through information in efforts to control climate change and hence the effects (Ryan, 2005, p. 4-5). The nineteenth century saw great revolution in creation of public awareness by scientific expositions as well as world fairs, which would later trigger active participation of the historical museums into the good course. The growing sense of responsibility over the time slowly led to the strategic moves by museums to participate actively in controlling the menace. The process of adopting the role of educating the populace concerning global warming and effects by the museums have seen development of educationa l theories as well as visitor research. The outcome of such efforts has been seen in development and adoption of conservation related exhibitions, which has been very instrumental in creating public awareness on the topic (Ryan, 2005, p. 23). Museums role as custodians of rich history not only safeguards the history but also enables there to be a link between the past, the present as well as the future. Sustainability has therefore shaped many of the efforts by the museums as defined by

Measuring the effectiveness of creative posters Literature review

Measuring the effectiveness of creative posters - Literature review Example According to Mogel (1993) advertising, ‘criers’ originated in Babylonia during 3000 BC. People would take come on to the street carrying their products and shouting louder about the merchandise. Later in 2200 BC, the development of hieroglyphics in Egypt gave way to paper and ink document used to interpret word and sound concept. Egypt further invented outdoor advertising carving public notices on stelae in 2000 BC (www.nonlineagency.com). If Egyptians were good at promoting Romans knew how to make a convincing sales pitch and early examples of advertising were found in the ruins of Pompeii. Advertising has been around for as long as there have been goods to sell and a medium to talk them up. The field of advertising took a giant step after the invention of printing press and movable type by Johannes Gutenberg, a German in 1447. In 1631, first classified newspaper ads were printed in France’s La Gazette by Renaudot which made him the first French journalist and th e inventor of personal ad (Tungate, 2007). Advertising further developed and flourished with the introduction of first English daily newspaper in 1702 and first newspaper advertising in the United States was carried out by Boston News-Letter in 1704. Advertising agencies began in early 1800 during the period when newspapers flourished (Mogel, 1993). Advertising, today, is a huge business making millions of dollars in profit and is not limited only to paper advertising but has expanded its horizon into radio, visual media and internet. This paper critically reviews various literatures in form of books, journals, articles, etc. on creative posters and to measure its effectiveness. Review of Literature Businesses rely on its marketing plan to promote their products which vary depending on their budget. No matter whatever the size of budget is, advertising is the key player in marketing plan because it makes the consumer aware of the product. Wells, Burnett and Moriarty (2007) mentioned that marketing is the way product is designed, tested, produced, branded, priced, distributed and promoted. Whereas advertising plans and decision making take place in the context of overall marketing strategy that includes statement of marketing objectives (Koekemoer and Bird, 2004). O’Guinn, Allen and Semenik (2008) mentioned that advertising is one of the primary tools available for marketing and is only one of the major areas of marketing responsibility. The marketing concepts suggest determining the customer needs and wants and then to develop, manufacture, market and service goods to fill those needs and wants (Wells, 2007). According to Saxena (2009) and Alozie (2009) advertising plays a significant role in awareness creation and attitude formation but has limited role in marketing strategy. Advertisement is the promotion of a company’s products and services through different mediums to increase the sales of the products and services. Advertising is further cla ssified into print, broadcast, outdoor, covert and public service (Management Study Guide, 2011). Out of home advertising further encompasses many advertising forms including outdoor (billboards and signs), transit (both inside and outside the vehicle), skywriting and variety of other media like public walls and furniture. According to OAAA (qtd. in Belch and Belch, 2003) total

Compare and Contrast Wilde and Hardy's Presentation of the Fallen Coursework

Compare and Contrast Wilde and Hardy's Presentation of the Fallen Woman - Coursework Example He depicts the type of woman Tess portrays by putting it her description in the story. In a very good manner, he uses narration to highlight facts about women. Hardy provokes more sympathy through his portrayal of Tess than Wilde because of the systematic way he shows her suffering. First, Tess is in a relationship that she expects to work out, but has a secret that when revealed can destroy the relationship. Hardy explains the way Alec got hold of Tess while in the woods and molested her without caring about the consequences2. Hardy could have chosen to minimize the suffering for this woman, but instead adds on more. Angel, Tess partner, leaves for Brazil on realizing that she was raped leaving her without somebody to nurse her wounded heart. Tess wishes that Alec was a lusty young farmer instead of being that entire Angel hated. Probably, the idea of being just a farmer would have lessened Angel’s heart into forgiving her. Peak of emotional sympathy happens when she had to g et executed for murdering Alec. In my opinion, she deserved to get pardoned because her actions towards Alec were based on the pain she felt and the pain he had caused her. Hardy brings more sympathy in the way he portrays Tess as the neglected woman. She is left to give birth in her village despite that her child is of a very wealthy man. Despite having just delivered, she has to ensure her survival by working as a field hand which leads to the death of her child. Hardy ensures that Tess’ misfortunes are elaborated in a narrated way. On the other hand, Wilde uses a number of characters to portray a fallen woman. The main character could be Mrs. Arbuthnot since she holds a dark secret of how she failed to stop her affair with the lord master. Her affair led to the emergence of a son out of wedlock. Wilde’s character does not provoke a lot of sympathy since; she has acquired a respectable name and lives a good life. Mrs. Allonby has had a lot of controversies in her lif e resulting to a flirtatious lady. Miss Hester can be used to portray a fallen woman since she is an orphan and has had to witness the shortcomings of life, despite being an heiress3. In addition, Jane can be identified as an indication of a fallen woman in the piece because the way she argues her points. Her arguments depict a woman of great ignorance and lack of education. Tess is used to show the different suffering women undergo and the how painful events can concurrently occur in a person’s life4. Hardy uses her to show the different ways in which women are treated in the society. During a conversation with Alec, Tess tries to bring out her own thinking about theology by rejecting sign writers words of condemnation. Her argument is purely ignored Hardy simply because he thought her agnosticism could be attributed to just a replication of angels. The fact that Tess’ ideas are not made up to something shows how the author used Tess to depict women in certain societi es. In contrast, Mrs. Arbuthnot is a woman who lost her husband but has gained a lot of respect from the people of her village. Her respect s earned from helping the poor and her neglect to associate with various people in social gatherings. Tess is identified as woman with sixth grade training in understanding and reproducing arguments. She seems intelligent and could have prospered as teacher if she was given a chance. This proves

The different types of buisness in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The different types of buisness in the UK - Essay Example Else, they do not run the day-to day operations of their businesses. The latter approach has the owners of the businesses simply as shareholders. In this case they own business shares. Salaried directors see to the operations of the business and further, still the organisations of businesses may be publicly run by the state. There are two major sectors in the U.K; private and public sectors. However, most business organisations are owned privately in U.K .The individual owners are usually referred to as entrepreneurs and all the risks associated with running the businesses lay on these individuals. Often, the most popular types of private-business ownerships include; partnerships, sole proprietors, public and private limited companies. There are also less common kinds of business that also fall under this category of private businesses (These are; cooperatives and franchises). Partnerships have two or more persons being in a joint ownership of the business organisation. Sole proprietorship, on the other hand is the smallest business type and it’s owned and run by a single person. Public limited companies is the biggest type of privately owned organisation and private limited companies consist of the most minute incorporate business enterprises. Cooperatives emanate from a group of persons together operating as well as sharing gains and the losses of the enterprise. Franchises refer to a situation where big business organisations let a trader to dispose their commodities and utilise their name at a cost and also a share of gains. ( Carysforth, et al, 2000 p 124) The public sector is a constitution of local and central governments. Here the government owns these businesses. The last two decades have had the magnitude of government-business ownership shrinking a great deal. As a matter of fact there are very few kinds that can be cited (For example; the Royal

The Survival Lottery By John Harris Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Survival Lottery By John Harris - Essay Example Harris also assumes that no organs are available from the already dead so as to make the ethical choice sharp and clear.Lastly ,an obvious assumption is that the transplantation technology has achieved the status of ensuring complete success and that ill individual would live after the transplant. If organ donation was perfect and there was no difference between killing and letting die. Then we should adopt the Survival Lottery. The proposition by John Harris can be seen as an argument against Utilitarianism, although Harris himself often makes Utilitarian claims in his work. Let us adopt the famous illustration of Harris viz. that of three persons A,Y & Z.A is healthy and is potential target for organ transplant and Y & Z are both terminally ill and can be saved by organ(s) donation from A and subsequent 100% successfully done transplant(s). Simply speaking why not kill A to make Y and Z surviveOr should we allow Y and Z to perish.There are two arguments against letting Y and Z perish.One is the Utilitarian argument and the other the Fairness argument. The former says that we should do that which will have the best consequences and it is a better consequence if more people live. Therefore even if we intentionally kill a healthy person, doing so will save at least two unhealthy persons who otherwise would have died, more people will live thanif we refuse to kill the healthy person. So, we ought to intentionally kill a healthy person when doing so will save at least two unhealthy persons who would have died otherwise. The latter argument says that we shou ld not unfairly decide to kill anybody-it has to be on a fair basis.If we refuse to kill A then we have presumably decided to kill Y and Z and vice versa.Therefore an outright decision not to kill A ought not to be taken.Survival lottery proposition while agreeing with utilitarian argument that more lives are better than one suggests a "fair basis" to select the person to be killed from the available lot of healthy people viz.through random lottery. Arguments Against the Survival Lottery The Survival Lottery would undermine our security, something which all desire reasonably. The Survival Lottery fails to 'respect individuality' because it treats A, Y, and Z 'merely as interchangeable units.' The Survival Lottery involves 'playing God with men's lives.' The Survival Lottery involves us in killing, whereas refusing to practice the Survival Lottery only involves us in letting die. And killing is worse than letting die. The Survival Lottery is inconsistent with recognizing that every person has a fundamental right to self-defense. Harris's argument is based on the "maximizing lives" theory, as he believes there is value in numbers and that two lives are twice as valuable as one. As a consequentialist it does not matter to Harris how the

This Is Reggae Music Essay Example for Free

This Is Reggae Music Essay Jamaica has been known to be a tourist spot in the Caribbean Islands, because of the stress relieving feel in being one with natures elements.   Apart from Jamaicas notoriety as a tourist destination,   it also prides itself   with one of the most influential and popular musical styles of the contemporary era, Reggae.   Beginning from its humble origins during the 60s, Reggae has become a powerful forcein the field of music, which spawned various publications such as Lloyd Bradleys , This is Reggae Music: The Story of Jamaicas Music.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The book primarily follows the birth and development of Reggae during the 60s in a defining and clever manner.   During the time when other musical genres, especially those not of European or American origin, a Jamaican musical style rose to the occasion and proved that Reggae has transcended from the dim hopes of ever being recognized globally.   In a more significant perspective, Bradley explains that Reggae possesses a certain attitude that main stream music and artists fail to have, dedication (Bradley, 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reggae has always been and always will be music for the people (Bradley, 2001), unlike the conventional tendencies of popular musicians who appear to exert less effort in making good music as their careers progress. The attitude that Bradley speaks of pertains to compassion for the listeners and not the headstrong arrogant tendencies of several popular recording artists and musicians.   Furthermore, Bradley states how Reggae is all about the music and the fans rather than the life, the fame and the glory.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An ordinary listener would usually think of Bob Marley when the word Reggae is uttered, not that Bob Marley has given Reggae a bad name, but Reggae has more depth and substance further than what Marley offered. And if Marley would have been alive, he would not approve of his status as the epitome of Reggae.   In relation, Bradley has given life to Reggae as a musical style and as a culture.   He bequeaths the reader with a detailed account of Reggae from the root down to the audio systems used.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bradley begins This is Reggae Music: The Story of   Jamaicas Music with a listeners or a fans point of view wherein he describes the experience of being in a crowd watching a Reggae performance (Bradley, 2001).   Most musicians describe music or making music as something extraordinary in a sense that one would feel vibe or bolts of electricity flowing through the bloodstream, Bradley however describes making Reggae music as something magical or extraordinary as far as experience is concerned (Bradley, 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The book then explains how the simplicity of Reggae came to describe it as music to the people, as the technicalities of dancing similar to disco and early Rock and Roll hits are explained as not the point of concern, the point of being among your own people (Bradley, 2001).   Bradley then segues in to a testimony of the life of Reggae as a versatile one, he describe its religious inclinations, social and cultural perspectives, and the global competence of Reggae as an art.   He also described the life of a Reggae musician in contrast to the Rock and Roll lifestyle of Sex, Drugs, and Rock Roll, with that said, Bradley insinuates that Reggae is not a slave to fame.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bradleys This is Reggae Music: The Story of   Jamaicas Music indicates the various styles, that Reggae has innovated and adopted, though not all of them are original .   The soul style which is a derivative of Jazz was adopted by Reggae, but the soul style of Reggae as Bradley describes concerns emotional harmonies of lyrics and instruments with a Reggae feel (Bradley, 2001).   Bradley also discussed the new dances that have emerged from the sub-genres of Reggae as well as how the evolution of technology went hand in hand with Reggae (Bradley, 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a different note, Bradley has also described how Reggae died after the 1970s, he   particularly expresses his strong feelings of dislike for Marleys distinct style.   He also disliked Marleys political motivation of songwriting and how it tends to be corruptive.   He also forcibly placed   Reggaes globalization in a positive light, specifically, the British Reggae in the latter chapters of the book (Bradley, 2001).   The globalization topic, though finely detailed somehow ruins the presentation of the publications as Bradley tends to contradict his own opinion in discussing British Reggae.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bradley has come up with fine detailed work in explaining an underdog music that made its mark in the world.   Though there are certain flaws and biased points of view, Bradley still managed to give a vast explanation of Reggae and how it developed from a simple musical style in to a global phenomenon.   Bradley has introduced readers, listeners, musicians and non-musicians alike to the real road to reggae with a little bumps along the way. References Bradley, L. (2001). This is Reggae Music: The Story of Jamaicas Music . New York: Penguin   Ã‚   Books.

A critical analysis of my clinical practice and reflection

A critical analysis of my clinical practice and reflection Introduction This assignment will discuss the development of my professional skills, learning opportunities, and activities that have developed and benefited my learning experiences. I will use reflection and referrer back to written work in my portfolio this will link the theory to practice and will show a continuous improvement in the knowledge and understanding that I have gained in previous placements, according to Beskine (2009) practice from clinical placements are fundamental in allowing students to put the theory learned at university into practice under the supervision of an experienced mentor. As registered nurse I must be able to justify any action or decision made, this can be seen throughout my portfolio as I have tried to justify any action or decision I have made through evidence based knowledge and research findings, according to Richards and Edward (2003) who have stated that public trust and confidence in the profession is dependant on its practitioners being seen to exercise their accountability to ensure that the interests of the patient is respected. The Quality Assurance Agency (1997) has defined a portfolio as a structured and supported process undertaken by an individual to reflect upon their own learning, performance and achievements when planning for their personal educational and career development. As a registered nurse my goals will be to further my life long learning and gain as many skills as possible to enable me to carry out my practice safely and with competence. The evidence of this shall be shown through the ongoing development of my portfolio, which will identify opportunities for growth in my personal and professional life. According to Nursing Midwifery Council (NMC) 2004, It is necessary to show motivation and commitment through the development and planning of your own learning. There will also be discussion on the clinical skills laboratories (CLS). Main Body The Students rational for choosing the topic of; compression bandaging for leg ulcers; was the shock, when she realised that the estimated cost to the NHS in managing leg ulcers is  £300-600 million a year. (Simon et al 2004) In the UK alone, it has been estimated that between 80,000 and 100,000 people will have had a leg ulcer at one time or another, with some remaining unhealed for more than 10 years. (Walker Adderly 2007). Managing leg ulcers also places a considerable drain on health resources, with district nursing spending between 25-50% of their time treating patients with leg ulcers (Casey 1999), according to Briggs and Closs (2003), a large part of the nurses workload especially in the community is taken up with this task, as people get older they are at increased risk of developing arterial and venous incompetence, which is the underlying cause of leg ulceration, improved life expectancy means the number of people with ulcers is likely to rise (Franks and Moffatt, 2007). The student noticed this more on her final 14 week management placement with the community nurses; half of her time spent with the nurses was taken up with changing compression bandages. Reflecting back, the student looked at her logs from first year [Appendix 1] and noticed that the treatment of leg ulcers has not changed dramatically in these past three years, but the students perception knowledge and understanding of this condition has. Reflection provides a framework upon which individuals can modify both perception and behaviour based upon experience (Dewey, 1933; Schà ¶n, 1983). It is also considered to be a central part of developing expertise (Sternberg, 1999). When the student first went to a community placement in 2nd year, she along with her mentor attended a patient with leg ulcers, [Appendice2] she assisted the nurse when she washed the patients leg, using tap water, the leg was dried and a mixture of 50%50 w/w cream; (Ointment containing 50% w/w Liquid Paraffin BP and 50% w/w White Soft Paraffin), was applied below the knee of the leg, then watched as the district nurse, applied a modified form of compression bandaging. The student and her classmates had practiced this procedure in CLS labs, week three, Care of the patient with chronic wounds; the labs are designed to ensure flexibility of use in providing an environment where clinical skills learning can be facilitated to support a diversity of clinical learning experiences and environments. Every year the NHS pays out about  £400 million in settlement of clinical negligence claims.   It is increasingly recognised that up to as much as 70 -80% of medical error could be attributed to poor technical skills; those most at risk of committing errors are inexperienced practitioners. Creating simulated scenarios allows us to practice our skills and make mistakes in a safe environment (Engle 2008). The nurse explained that there where different causes for the ulcers and also different dressings and compression therapies. The student also looked up the pathophysiology, and the psychological effects of the condition, linking theory to practice, reading journals and articles the student got an overview of the disease, failing venous valves lead to blood pooling in the veins. This is confirmed by the use of a Doppler ultrasound, which tests the flow of blood in the leg. Cells and fluid, from the blood leak into the surrounding tissue, causing oedema. Red blood cells, leak into the tissue and break down, resulting in brown staining of the skin known as, haemosiderin. Further tissue damage occurs when white blood cells clump together to cause inflammatory reactions. Congestion in the veins results in reduced blood flow. Tissues do not receive adequate nutrition and the skin becomes dry, flaky and itchy. Lipodermatosclerosis can also occur, caused by fibrosis of the fatty tissue, maki ng the leg hard and woody to touch, this makes the skin fragile and scratching or trauma may lead to ulceration of the leg and a chronic wound that could take weeks or months sometimes years to heal (Stud 2009). According to (RCN 2006), (SIGN 26, 1998) compression bandage therapy is the gold standard treatment for venous leg ulcers. The bandage types are classified depending on the degree of sub bandage pressure they exert on the limb, the highest pressure is up to 40mmHg at the ankle (resting pressure), gradually reducing to about 17mmHg just below the knee Anderson (2008). Achieving this healing depends mostly on the patients willingness to accept clinically effective care; many of the patients feel that they cannot carry on with the treatment as the compression bandaging is uncomfortable. The graduated compression starts with the highest pressure at the ankle, this squeezes the lower leg as the calf muscle changes shape on movement, but the muscle movement is constrained by the compression bandage with the effect of increasing the squeeze on the veins in the legs, as the muscle movement is concentrated inward and if the vein is relatively intact it will more likely close with the extra pressure from the compression (Anderson 2008). This movement may prevent the backflow of blood as the calf muscle is strong and the speed of the venous blood is increased it could mean that the white blood cells are less likely to clump together thus reducing inflammation in the blood vessel (Oduncu et al 2004). Using compression this way, will increase flow, reduce venous reflux and ankle oedema, therefore improving the microcirculation and encourage the healing process (Board and Harlow 2002). As the flow improves nutrients reaching the skin again will improve the sensitivity and dryness of the skin. The compression therapy is not a cure it may be a lifelong process where the patient has to be properly supported. The patients psychological wellbeing is also monitored, (Jones et al 2008), studies carried out show that patients with chronic leg ulcers suffer from depression and feel socially isolated, they restrict their social lives because of the exudates and odour leaking through the bandages. In many cases the ulcer will heal with relative ease once the oedema is under control approximately 12 weeks (Moffat et al 1992). Larger ulcers may take months or years to heal, (Palfreyman et al 2007) effective treatment should help reduce the symptoms and quality of life for the patients, this is why a holistic approach is needed to ensure the patients psychological needs are also met; this in turn may encourage compliance on the patients part. The student is now in her final placement which is back in the community, she has her own case load of four patients. One of these patients has a leg ulcer, she wears compression stockings, while this is not a chronic ulcer great care still has to be taken, as the recurrence rate of venous ulcers is high, hosiery helps to reduce the risk and prolongs the time in a healed state (Bradley 2001). The student also went out with the district nurse who is mentoring her, she allowed her, under her direct supervision to wash and apply the dressings to one of her clients who has a chronic leg ulcer, it is recognised that students must be given opportunities to participate in various clinical skills, the NMC (2006) requires mentors to be able to support student nurses develop nursing competencies, while being professionally accountable for the student, and also provide support and assessment while on placement. Prior to undertaking the wound dressing, the student had to demonstrate an appreciation of the theoretical and practical aspects underpinning the procedure of compression bandaging to the mentor. This was done by the student reading journals on wound care, looking up articles on the internet, and then discussing them with her mentor. The clients consent was given, this allowed the student to carry out the procedure. The student read the last entry in the care plan to see what dressings where used previously. Then she gathered all the equipment that she would need, Towels, cream, water, a dressing depending on how bad the leg would depend on what dressing was used. The bandaging comes in kit form and is priced according to size from  £5.65 to  £10.58 (Scottish drug tariff 2007). Reading the care plan the student knew that this patient has had a chronic venous leg ulcer, for about 6 weeks, the measurements were taken at every dressing change to see if the ankle circumference has changed due to the reduction of oedema. The leg was stripped down, it was very wet and smelly, the dirty dressing then went into the bag provided and disposed of in the bin. The leg was washed with Epaderm Cream, this is very effective in moisturising the leg it counteracts the loss of essential oils from the skin. As the student knew that her mentor was going to ask her to perform the task, she looked up her reflective diaries in her portfolio and read back on them to see how she carried out the procedure then, and how she felt about carrying them out. According to Redfern and Hull (1997), portfolios offer an important contribution in the form of a step-by-step method that reflects practice. The student had written an account of her past experience in the first year log, as she had not used a model of reflection it was difficult to remember how she felt carrying out the procedure, she did describe the task well enough but the feeling and evaluation would have been useful, how did she feel about the task, was the wound really odorous, was the patient satisfied with the outcome, would she have carried out the procedure the same way, coming back to the present task the action plan would have been very handy. Gibbs model for reflection (1988), the student has applied this model to most of her work throughout the three years of placements, but at the beginning of her training she did not, she now realises that using models of reflection in essays and practice portfolios gives written evidence that shows critical thinking, and relates theory to practice. Using the six stages of Gibbs reflective model, description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion, action plan, by using this model the student can analyse her learning experience, and present this as evidence against NMC standards. The student also looked out and read tissue viability journals and wound supplements and searched the internet for wound care information. Current governmental policies have called for all professional groups to work within a framework of evidence-based practice (EBP) which is underpinned by continuing professional development. The essence of all this is to ensure that all health care professionals operate within a framework of clinical governance that assures clinical competence and provision of quality health care. (Basford and Slevin, 2003). Once the leg was washed and dried a hydrocolloid dressing was applied, this helps absorb some of the exudates, the student then applied the wool padding using a simple spiral technique with a 50% overlap, this helps to protect bony prominences and pads the ankle out. The third step is a light conforming bandage, the foot is flexed to 90 degrees and the bandage is applied from the toes to the knees also using a simple spiral technique with a 50% overlap. The forth step is applying the cohesive bandage, the student made sure the mentor was happy with what was done so far before carrying on she also asked the patient if he was alright, then keeping the foot flexed to a 90 degree angle the bandage was applied with a 50% overlap and a 50% stretch, ensuring the heel was completely covered. The student felt cautious about carrying out the final stage of this procedure because of the implication, for instance if the dressing was too tight it may cause trauma to the leg, but the mentor supervised all the way through the procedure, when the bandaging was finished the student felt that she had carried the task to the best of her ability, there was a feeling of satisfaction the bandage looked neat and secure the patient offered no complaints. When the student had asked his consent he told her that he would say immediately if he felt uncomfortable, because of the exudates the bandage would only be on for two days not a week as is the usual time in between dressing. The patient will be holistically re-assessed each week and his progress recorded, the student filled in the patients care plan and her mentor countersigned, as a student nurse preparing to register with the NMC you have both a legal and professional duty of care. This should be demonstarted in your ability to keep a record and full account of any assessment and care that you have planned for or provided (NMC 2004). The student didnt think she could have done any better, she was pleased that he mentor allowed her to carry out this procedure, a little weary about the 50% overlap and stretching the bandage, but was confident in her practice, the task went smoothly. The student will continue to reflect and study leg ulcers and compression bandaging to further her knowledge. The mentor observed the student performing the task, under direct supervision, she assessed that the student was working to the correct and appropriate standard for her level of training, this will be recorded in the students assessment practice record and signed. While in practice mentors are assessing students against the NMC standards of proficiency, they are not only assessing their practical skills, but their knowledge levels and attitudes which underpin their practice (Richards and Edwards 2003). Conclusion In this assignment I have disscused the learning opportunities and the activities that have helped develope my professional development in the area of compression bandaging for the care of leg ulcers. I have shown that reflection and reference to previous work and teaching materials have developed my skills, confidence, knowledge and intuition in the care of managing leg ulcers and applying the appropriate dressings and therefore linking my theory to practice. I have shown the ability to justify reasoning for any actions or decisions which I make through evidence based practice, knowledge and research findings. For my professional development and future practice I will continue to futher my life-long learning and gain as many skillls as possible to enable me to carry out my practice safely and with competence. The evidence of this shall be shown through the ongoing development of my portfolio which will identify opportunities for growth in my personal and professional life.

Lord Of The Flies :: essays research papers

Lord of the Flies Essay   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jack Merridew is a symbol for savagery. From the very beginning, he seems to harbor emotions of anger and savagery. At first, he is the leader of his choir group, who become hunters as the book progresses. Finally, his savage personality and ability to tell people what they want to hear, allows him to overtake Ralph as chief. The three points I will be talking about in this essay are Jack’s character, Jack’s symbolism, and the moral or lesson Golding is trying to teach us throughout the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jack Merridew is a young boy, probably the same age as Ralph, possibly older. On pg. 20 Golding describes Jack as “…tall, thin and bony; and his hair was red beneath the black cap. His face was crumpled and freckled, and ugly without silliness. Out of this face stared two light blue eyes, frustrated now, and turning, or ready to turn, to anger.'; Jack’s eyes are always used in the novel to depict his emotions, as they are in the quote above. When the boys land on the island they are all wearing their school uniforms, but Jack and his choir are wearing cloaks and caps. Oddly enough, Jack is one of the only boys whose last name is learned. I think the author does this to make Jack stand out. He is a very important character because throughout this whole novel, Golding depicts this island and savagery to everyday life. Jack is the perfect character to play this role due to his temperament and power hungry acts. Jack is solely concerned with hunting, and cannot see the necessity of other things that can keep them alive. Fire, an important necessity, is carelessly abused and treated by Jack. His whole existence and survival depend on fire yet his mail goal is to hunt and kill. His controlling and persuasive behavior, allow him to take over the chief position towards the end of the novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The novel, Lord of the Flies is a novel involving a great deal of symbolism. Different characters provide different symbols. Jack is a symbol of savagery and anarchy. Golding relates this to the evil and cruel people in the world. When Jack first arrives on the island he is excited to have rules for their new settlement. Jack exclaims on pg. 33 “ We’ll have rules!'; he cried excitedly. “Lots of rules!…'; Jack changes his view on rules towards the end of the story because he rebels from Ralph’s leadership and starts his own clan.

Golden Rice: Should It Be Our Future? :: Essays Papers

Golden Rice: Should It Be Our Future? At the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, scientists created golden rice by inserting three genes into a certain rice variety which will in turn produce a greater amount of beta-carotene. This rice has a sort of yellowish hue, which has given the rice its name, golden rice. The rice is still under research and testing before it will reach the markets, which is guessed to be around 2003. If this rice is found to be safe and effective it will be a tool in providing these rice dependent countries with the nutrients they need. Rice is the staple food of many Asian and South Pacific countries. Rice is a major portion of these countries economic and agricultural systems. In places such as India, they used to eat brown rice, which is more nutritious because the outer bran layer is not removed during the milling process. When the British came to India they introduced white rice, which means the milling process has been taken to one further step. This reduces the amount of nutrients such as thiamine. White rice is now the major type of rice eaten in these Asian and Pacific countries. This has led to serious problems of malnutrition. Since normal rice does not have any beta-carotene, which is the precursor to Vitamin A, these populations are having vitamin a deficiencies. The World Health Organization stated that about 250 million people worldwide are at risk of permanent blindness, iron deficiency in women, and other serious ailments due to their lack of vitamin A. This genetically modified rice, known as â€Å"golden rice† has been created to meet the nutritional needs of these malnourished populations. Genetic engineering has become a world-wide issue. Hungry countries in Africa, such as Zimbabwe, whose population is as risk for starvation and death are skeptical about receiving genetically altered food from countries such as the United States. In China, a rice known as â€Å"super rice† has been created which is more resilient; but it has not been accepted by the Chinese markets because it is genetically altered. People are more interested in their food than ever before, and are concerned about their overall safety. They want to know where it comes from and if it has been altered from its natural state.

The Growing Trend of Sex and Violence in Media Today Essay -- essays r

Modern day society is composed of rules and structures. The general public has become much more sensitive over the years, resulting in a very politically correct atmosphere. Moreover, parents have decided that the opportune way of reaching their ambitions is through the lives of their children. Under this strict lifestyle, one would presume that our values are very conservative. Surprisingly, the opposite is true. Due to the sexual and violent permissiveness in today’s Multi-Media, our society has developed a sordid standard of morals. Sex is often considered to be taboo among families. Parents do not want to believe that their children are aware of it, and vice-versa. While the family is living in a state of denial, the media is embracing sexuality. It is almost impossible to go anywhere without being exposed to sexual media. Virtually all advertisements, regardless of form, use sexuality to sell their product. This ranges from beer commercials using scantily clad women to advertise their product to males, to magazines that draw our attention by writing the word â€Å"sex† in big, bold...

Word of Mouth and Brand Value in the Fast Food Industry

To check the speculations which were proposed in the above writing survey area, basic model was defined utilizing AMOS. The model requires that an arrangement of rule fit records ought to be accomplished in view of the prescribed esteems. Generally, the last basic model proposed a sufficient fit to the gathered information where the estimation of Chi-square (? ²) is equivalent to472.837 (p-esteem = 0.000). Other fit records likewise accomplished the base cut-off qualities (GFI = 0.836, AGFI = 0.817, CFI = 0.943, and RMSEA = 0.079). In view of the above aftereffects of paradigm esteems, one might say that the last auxiliary model has a solid match with the information of this investigation (Hair et al., 2010). Generally, the exhibited speculations were tried in view of the relapse table which was produced in view of the last basic model's yield. The discoveries exhibited in Table 1 demonstrate that verbal exchange has a huge positive association with mark picture (? = 0.794, t-esteem = 6.982, p ; 0.05), and therefore, H1 is acknowledged. H2 which expressed that verbal exchange has a noteworthy association with mark reliability is additionally acknowledged (? = 0.970, t-esteem = 8.240, p ; 0.05). Also, the outcomes demonstrated that verbal exchange has a huge association with mark inclination (? = 0.817, t-esteem = 10.340, p ; 0.05), in this way, H3 is upheld. This investigation additionally affirmed that verbal exchange has a noteworthy association with mark administration (? = 0.640, t-esteem = 6.438, p ; 0.05), along these lines, H4 is bolstered. At last, the outcomes uncovered that verbal exchange has a noteworthy association with mark value (? = 0.591, t-esteem = 6.863, p ; 0.05), thusly, H5 is upheld. When all is said in done, Word of mouth clarifies 32% of change in mark value. Table 1: Results of theories Hypothesized Effect Std. Beta S.E. C.R. P Support H1: Word of mouth has a huge association with mark picture. 0.794 0.065 6.982 *** Yes H2: Word of mouth has a huge association with mark dependability. 0.970 0.090 8.240 *** Yes H3: Word of mouth has a noteworthy association with mark inclination. 0.817 0.077 10.340 *** Yes H4: Word of mouth has a huge association with mark initiative. 0.640 0.067 6.438 *** Yes H5: Word of mouth has a noteworthy association with general brand value. 0.591 0.066 6.863 *** Yes 5. CONCLUSION The motivation behind this paper was to exactly inspect the connection between Word of mouth and brand value in the fast food eatery industry in Malaysia. The discoveries demonstrated that in accordance with past experimental examines (Armelini, 2011; Kassim and Abdullah, 2008; Murtiasih et al., 2013; Rezvani et al., 2012) Word of mouth has a critical positive association with mark dependability. Further, Ghorban and Tahernejad (2012) considered Word of mouth as a key showcasing factor which powerfully affects buyers' conduct and the choices that they shape amid acquiring process. The finding demonstrates that customers' steadfastness toward a brand increments through positive verbal suggestions from other people who had past encounters in utilizing the items or administrations of that brand. This demonstrates by getting constructive proposals from other individuals whom clients can believe, a higher level of certainty is probably going to be improved towards the brand. Such certainty is probably going to impact buyers' conduct and prompt positive repurchase aims. The discoveries of this paper additionally affirmed the huge positive connection between Word of mouth and brand picture. This finding is in accordance with past investigations which built up verbal exchange as a key factor that influences mark picture (Farooqui, 2015; Severi et al., 2014; Torlak et al., 2014; Y?ld?z, 2015). Moreover, Hoyer and MacInnis (2001) considered verbal exchange as a critical advertising factor that impacts mark notoriety. Cornelissen (2000) additionally embraced the commitment of Word of mouth to mark notoriety. Given this outcome, it can be presumed that brand picture Similarly as with any examination, there are a few impediments in this investigation that would open roads for additionally explores. Initially, the primary focal point of this paper is on the fast food eatery industry which may thwart the generalizability of the discoveries to different settings. In this way, future looks into ought to be coordinated to rethink the factors of this investigation in other industry settings. Furthermore, just Word of mouth was utilized to analyze its connection with mark value; subsequently, future explores should test different components, for example, advancement and feeling. Moreover, this investigation utilized overview instrument amid information gathering. Accordingly, future inquires about may embrace subjective philosophies to decide the key factors the can impact shoppers' recognitions in the fast food showcase. At last, this investigation was directed in east drift some portion of Malaysia, along these lines, future looks into may expand the extension by covering different zones with a specific end goal to have the capacity to improve conclusions.

Starbucks Company Overview

Starbucks Company Overview Starbucks, a well-managed assertive company, has consistently achieved growth since its early beginnings. Starbucks is the largest retailer of specialty coffee drinks and coffee beans in the nation sold through company-owned retail outlets and supermarket chains (Starbucks Corporation, 2009). The Starbucks name has earned its place as an innovative organization that represents a sense of community and shared ideals among its customers, its employees, and the world at large and its brand is equivalent to quality.By combining its well-known name and brand with focused superior customer service, Starbucks is positioning itself in the market with enhancing both its product line and its marketing channels since it first opened its doors in 1971. Current expansion has obtained growth of over 2,000 locations throughout the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Asia. Starbucks brings the â€Å"exciting coffee experience to its customers almost anywhereâ⠂¬  (The Gourmet Retailer, 2009). Starbucks, formerly known as Starbucks Coffee, Team and Spice was founded 1971 in Pike Place Market, Seattle, Washington.The owners, two men by the names of Gerald Baldwin and Gordon Bowker used to import and roast the coffee themselves in an old industrial building next to a meat packing plant. Baldwin and Bowker founded Starbucks because they loved coffee and tea and wanted Seattle to have the best. Based on many of fundamental ideas of Alfred Peet from Peet’s Coffee and Tea in Berkeley, Baldwin and Bowker had a solid business of selling fine coffees, with 5 stores operating throughout Seattle area. Howard Schultz joined Starbucks in 1982 as head of marketing.At Schultz’s urging, Starbucks began testing its’ first espresso bar in Seattle, on April of 1984. According to Schultz and Jones Yang (1999), â€Å"Within two months, the store was serving 800 customers a day† (p. 60). The average number of customer before the es presso bar opened was 250. After years of being in business, Gerald Baldwin and Gordon Bowker decided to sell Starbucks in March of 1987. By August of 1987, Howard Schultz bought Starbucks for $4 million dollars. On August 18, 1987, the Starbucks as we know it was born.By 1990, Starbucks had opened 84 stores. On June 26, 1992, Starbucks went public and was listed on the NASDAQ with a price of $21 a share. Starbucks for the next decade continued to expand its’ stores domestically and internationally. Starbucks also continued to widen their menu selections by offering food and specialty drinks. By the end of 1999, Starbucks had opened 2,498 stores. By 2007, Starbucks opened 15, 756 stores. From 2000 to current year, Starbucks continues to be the leader in the coffee industry. MarketRole of Government Regulations Government regulations has major implications in different aspects of Starbucks' business. First of all, being a publicly listed company, government regulations has maj or implications on financial reporting and accounting activities of the company. For example, Starbucks need to comply with strict government regulations such as Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 and other SEC/US GAAP related compliance issues pertaining to financial reporting and accounting policies. (Sutherland Asbill & Brennan LLP, April 2003, p. ) Non adherence to such regulations can result in significant penalties and fines for Starbucks. Government regulations also play an important role in global business of Starbucks, such as import of raw materials like Coffee and international operations of the company. Changes in government policies pertaining to import duties, tariffs, etc. can impact the import pricing of Company's raw materials such as Coffee. Similarly, policies pertaining to international taxation can affect the profitability of its international subsidiaries.Government regulations also affect areas pertaining to environmental protection. As Starbucks is a socially respons ible corporation, it adheres to government regulations pertaining to environmental protection, disposal of waste, etc. Other areas where government regulations impact Starbucks operations are regulations pertaining to human resources of the company in areas such as recruitment and hiring, salary, etc. Starbucks need to comply with labor laws to avoid penalties and fines related to such laws.Starbucks also has to comply with federal and state regulations that are applicable to the organization. Issues and Opportunities Summary and Conclusion References Starbucks Corporation. (2009). Starbucks. com. Retrieved September 2, 2009, fromhttp://www. starbucks. com/aboutus/overview. asp The Gourmet Retailer. (2009). gourmetretailer. com. Retrieved September 2, 2009, fromhttp://www. gourmetretailer. com/gourmetretailer/magazine/article_display. jsp? vnu_conte nt_id=1086864 Schultz, H. , & Jones Yang, D. (1999).Pour your heart into it. How Starbucks built a company one cup at a time. New York: Hyperion. Sutherland Asbill & Brennan LLP (April 2003). Legal Alert: Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Compliance Update. Retrieved September 5, 2009, from http://www. sutherland. com/files/News/3523433c-b3c0-4daf-9da3-526153639409/Presentation/NewsAttachment/887a0e6b-bb72-4b68-9824-8d77f8a3de86/926210_2. pdfhttp://www. sutherland. com/files/News/3523433c-b3c0-4daf-9da3-526153639409/Presentation/NewsAttachment/887a0e6b-bb72-4b68-9824-8d77f8a3de86/926210_2. pdf

Basic Economics.Which economic system is best suited for handling a crisis of epic proportions? Essay

Basic Economics Introduction Which economic system is best suited for handling a crisis of epic proportions?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     In the incidence of hazards, disasters, threats   as well as handling crisis’s of epic proportions   such as hurricanes, fires, blizzards and floods among others, employment of the Socialist system helps managements at all levels handle and manage such incidences . The system is systematic, proactive and guides departments at all levels of the government administration, NGOs, as well as the private sector to work as a team and handle such crisis regardless of the size, the intricacy, the source and the location (Kornai & Oxford University Press, 1992). Additionally, it provides a combination of assistance from different sectors.   In this case, the system helps reduce and sometimes prevent loss of life, the loss of property and environmental destructions from incidences of any level. Essentially, it provides a common approach in managing incidences. In this case, the socialism system plays a major role in offering solution s as the government pays everyone who works within the environments. As most disasters are local, the immediate community, the groups within the locality and the individuals within act as the first responders to a calamity hence application of the socialist system serves the best. This motivates individuals to assist and help the people in need. Most importantly, the socialist system is the most effective system in managing crisis as it teaches people within the society the importance of living together, sharing belongings and helping each other during the times of need. Why a socialist system might be the best in responding to the needs of people struck by an emergency like the earthquake that occurred in Haiti in January 2010? Socialist societies provide immediate solutions to offer urgent and controlled solutions to emergencies and more so disasters of epic proportions as the one suffered in Haiti in 2010. This is because the system has the ability to call for help on a larger scale since it strategizes on the mix of public, private and government owned operations(Marangos & Palgrave Connect (Online service), 2013).   The incidence of the earthquake that occurred in Haiti was so catastrophic such that it led to collapse of buildings that caused the deaths of thousands of people and left many injured without food and basic commodities(Marangos & Palgrave Connect (Online service), 2013) . Although the US government and the UN provided basic support and help in rescue and provision of basic commodities, the socialist system could have worked better. Socialist communities use the system to ensure a common base for the good of the nation and human needs and provide a common approach in providing a solution. The system enlightens the public to take the necessary measures as well as avoiding waiting the government to bring a solution by recognizing that each person has a role to play. It works well because it basis its endeavors in immediate regrouping and reorganization of efforts. Why it costs more to heat our homes in the winter?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the laws of supply and demand, when the demand of products goes up, the price of the products typically goes up. In the event of the augmented costs of heating up our homes during the winter, the same law applies. For instance, since everyone in the market strives to purchase products for heating their homes, the demand shoots up hence the prices profoundly increase. Therefore, if demand increases and the supply remain unchanged, a shortage is established hence a higher equilibrium costs (Gottheil, 1998). In winter, the same applies as the energy supplies remains the same as the demand augments overwhelmingly an aspect that translates to elevated bills for customers. For instance, change in weather conditions serves as the major factor as to why clients pay more in terms of energy used during the winter. References Marangos, J., & Palgrave Connect (Online service). (2013). Consistency and viability of socialist    economic systems. New York NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Gottheil, F. M. (1998). Principles of economics. South-Western college publishing. Kornai, J., & Oxford University Press. (1992). The Socialist system: The political economy of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   communism. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Personal freedom Essay

The personal freedom notion has changed vastly over the years from the harm principle to the notion of basic rights. Cobley suggest that in this day and age, these principles will not allow us to have maximum freedom. On the other hand, suggest that only by giving up all our freedom to the government, then we can maximize our freedom. I am largely convinced by his reasons why total freedom should be given to the government as the democratic government has proven to be able to fully optimize the freedom of our society. From paragraph 5 in line 58-61, Cobley suggest ‘ ill-health ignorance†¦factors’ are the factors preventing equality and liberty. He believes that ‘fraternity’ will help to reconcile both factors and eventually allow liberty. This is because these factors allow the clever and the strong to gain unfair advantages. And only by caring for each other, these unfair advantages will be shared equally, and hence allow equal opportunities for all. B y allowing equal opportunities for all, this allows the people to have freedom to compete equally. I am largely not convinced by his view of freedom, as it is an ideal state and not practical. In order to get the general rich population to share their advantage to the disadvantage is improbable and far from practical. This is because men are generally selfish and to care for complete strangers is not common in society. This point can be further strengthening by numerous examples of the stronger and smarter – not caring- but exploiting the poor. For example, many years back in Singapore, it was revealed that the chief executive officer of NKF – a charity fund – misused the finds of the charity to fund his luxurious lifestyle. This goes to show that the rich in general are unlikely candidates to show their care and concern for the poor. I however feel this responsibility should be given to the government through means such as heavy taxes onto the rich. I feel that this is the only way to ensure freedom to have equal opportunities for both the poor and rich. Therefore I believe we should surrender our claims to freedom to the government so that they can help re-distribute this income and ensure freedom is maximized. Hence, I disagree with the author’s view that by getting the rich to show concern to the poor ensures freedom as this is not practical and merely ideal. In para graph 3 Cobley discussed that freedom should be surrendered to the government if the laws passed down are deemed as ‘acceptable’ and not to ‘override certain basic freedom’. For example, basic rights such as the  right to live or worship. Cobley at the end of the passage however expresses his view that he is not in favor of it. I am too largely in agreement with his view because these basic rights are hard to define. Everyone have their own view of a ‘basic’ right and this often stems from religious beliefs. This would make it very hard for the government to decide on something common as there would bound to be people unsatisfied. For example, Singapore recently passed down a censorship law on websites with high viewership. Their rationale to it was that they feel these websites should be socially responsible to the public. Hence information should be censored. However others argue that these laws infringe the basic right to freedom of speech – therefore causing unhappiness to these people. Henceforth I feel that freedom should be fully surrendered to the government as to have ‘basic rights’ is impossible to define due to the various views of a basic right. Thus it is beneficial to me to give full autonomy of freedom to the government. In paragraph 6, Cobley feels that he should ‘surrender my so-called liberty†¦to its laws and restrictions. Cobley feels that all his freedom should be given to the government to control and restrict. He further adds on that ‘any division into†¦wrong.’ Thus, further strengthening his viewpoint that more should be done to give our ‘freedom’ to the government. I am largely in agreement with his view because I feel the democratically chosen state is best able to represent the people. This is because the government best represent the majority, and being the one ‘in-charge’ of the state they are also able to see the country in a macro perspective. Thus, making them capable of making decisions to ensure that both short-term and long-term the country benefits overall. In addition if we continue to erect barriers, we can see the society being more dis-united and having more of our freedom restricted. For example, we can see in Russia – where drinking is a problem – roads are becoming unsafe and the freedom of innocent passer-bys are compromised just so as to give the Russians ‘freedom to drink’. If more was done to curb drinking, this can result in not only the lives of these passer-bys to have more freedom but also the families of these drinkers. Not only would theses families have more disposable income – freedom to spend – but also potentially more freedom of safety from these drunkards. Thus, this clearly shows how we should give full freedom to the government so that we would have more freedom as the government is better  able to assess the situation. Henceforth, it is only beneficial to me that total freedom is given to the government. In conclusion, I agree with the author that e should give all claims to individual freedom to the government.